[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1225},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item:\u002Fwildlife\u002Fwild-versus-feral-peacocks-in-southern-california":3,"platform:site":654},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":11,"canonical":587,"category":588,"categorySlugs":596,"cid":597,"cover":598,"description":601,"extension":602,"featured":603,"language":604,"meta":605,"navigation":606,"noindex":603,"ogImage":607,"path":608,"publishedAt":609,"recipe":587,"related":610,"revisedAt":587,"seo":636,"seoDescription":601,"seoTitle":5,"sortKey":587,"sources":637,"stem":641,"tagSlugs":642,"tags":645,"translations":650,"type":651,"url":652,"__hash__":653},"platformItems\u002Fplatform\u002Fitems\u002F973.md","The Unexpected Success of Free-Roaming Peafowl in Southern California Suburbs",[7],{"name":8,"slug":9,"role":10},"Charlie Mitchell","charlie-mitchell","author",{"type":12,"value":13,"toc":564},"minimark",[14,19,23,26,30,33,38,41,54,57,65,68,77,82,85,89,92,95,98,102,113,116,119,126,131,134,140,145,148,152,155,158,162,165,168,173,178,180,183,186,189,193,196,199,202,235,238,241,244,247,249,252,254,257,259,262,264,267,269,272,274,277,279,282,284,287,289,292,294,297,299,302,304,307,309,312,314,317,319,322,324,327,329,332,334,338,341,355,358,365,370,372,376,379,382,385,388,394,399,401,405,408,411,414,419,424,426,431,436,438,444,449,451,455,458,461,464,468,471,474,477,480,485,490,492,496,499,502,509,514,516,520,523,526,529,534,539,541,545,548,551,554,557,561],[15,16,18],"h2",{"id":17},"encountering-peafowl-on-suburban-streets","Encountering Peafowl on Suburban Streets",[20,21,22],"p",{},"When I began working from home, I took a walk to Starbucks one day and spotted two peacocks strolling down the middle of the road. My first thought was that they were escaped pets. A friend later explained that these birds were not anyone's pets—they simply inhabited certain neighborhoods, and residents kept an eye out for them.",[20,24,25],{},"Since peafowl are not native to the United States, I wondered how they manage to live without owners on city streets. What do they eat? How do they reproduce and protect their offspring? These questions prompted me to research their origins and survival strategies.",[15,27,29],{"id":28},"origins-of-peafowl-in-the-wild","Origins of Peafowl in the Wild",[20,31,32],{},"To understand these birds, it helps to clarify terminology. The term \"peacock\" specifically refers to the male of the species. The female is called a peahen, the young are peachicks, and collectively they are known as peafowl.",[34,35,37],"h3",{"id":36},"species-and-geographic-distribution","Species and Geographic Distribution",[20,39,40],{},"Peafowl originate from three main regions:",[42,43,44,48,51],"ul",{},[45,46,47],"li",{},"The blue peacock is native to India, where it is held in high regard.",[45,49,50],{},"The green peacock comes from Southeast Asia, including Burma, Malaysia, and Java, and is considered endangered.",[45,52,53],{},"The black peacock is found in the Congo region of Africa.",[20,55,56],{},"Each species has a distinct scientific name based on its region.",[20,58,59,60,64],{},"Peafowl belong to the same scientific family as pheasants—a European game bird—known as ",[61,62,63],"em",{},"Phasianidae",". The African peacock lacks the brilliant plumage of its Asian relatives, as such tails would hinder its survival in the Congo jungle.",[20,66,67],{},"Peafowl are not indigenous to the United States; the native game bird here is the turkey, which belongs to a different family. However, all these birds share a common ancestor from the distant past.",[20,69,70],{},[71,72],"img",{"alt":73,"height":74,"src":75,"width":76},"",600,"\u002Fpics\u002Fabc638d81be634042dc1.webp",750,[20,78,79],{},[61,80,81],{},"Black peacocks come from the Congo in Africa and have shorter tail plumage.",[20,83,84],{},"Snowmanradio, CC-BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons",[15,86,88],{"id":87},"historical-domestication-and-breeding-of-peacocks","Historical Domestication and Breeding of Peacocks",[20,90,91],{},"In India, peacocks were being tamed and bred well before 320 BCE. Chandragupta, who established the Maurya Empire, grew up in a family that raised peacocks shortly after Alexander the Great's time. He later made the peacock his royal symbol.",[20,93,94],{},"Indian breeders selectively bred peacocks to intensify their colors. Upon noticing piebald birds—those with a mix of blue and white—they bred some for more blue and others for more white, eventually producing a pure white peacock.",[20,96,97],{},"In India, the peacock is revered. It became the national bird in 1963, and for centuries it has been linked to deities, particularly those associated with war. Christians also adopted the peacock as a symbol of Paradise and the Tree of Life. However, India is far from California.",[15,99,101],{"id":100},"arrival-of-peafowl-in-california","Arrival of Peafowl in California",[20,103,104,105,108,109,112],{},"Peafowl were brought to Southern California by several wealthy Angelenos, such as real estate magnate Elias \"Lucky\" Baldwin, for whom Baldwin Hills is named and who founded Arcadia. Others included Hugh Hefner of ",[61,106,107],{},"Playboy",", William Wrigley of chewing gum fame, and Edward Sargent, who pioneered land titling. According to a 2010 ",[61,110,111],{},"LA Times"," article, Baldwin was the first to import the birds from India in 1878 to his land in present-day Arcadia.",[20,114,115],{},"After Baldwin's death in 1909, Los Angeles County purchased 238 acres of his land to establish the LA Arboretum, including his peafowl. By 2017, Arboretum staff counted 150 peafowl on the grounds alone.",[20,117,118],{},"Over time, the peafowl spread into local neighborhoods, becoming street survivors that feed, breed, and roam freely. Today, they are common in Arcadia, Monrovia, Pasadena, Altadena, and South Pasadena, where both adults and children watch out for them.",[20,120,121],{},[71,122],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":124,"width":125},960,"\u002Fpics\u002F295972ac29bc1f0ccdf7.webp",1600,[20,127,128],{},[61,129,130],{},"Peacocks are slow-walking birds, so they often stop traffic when they cross the street. They’re so beautiful to watch, though, that most people don’t mind. This is a street in Arcadia, not far from the Santa Anita Shopping Mall.",[20,132,133],{},"Susette Horspool, CC-BY-SA 3.5",[20,135,136],{},[71,137],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":138,"width":139},"\u002Fpics\u002Ff92eec995e3ba306b180.webp",720,[20,141,142],{},[61,143,144],{},"And this old guy is in the streets of Altadena, about a mile from my house. It was taken by a friend on one of her COVID-19 walks.",[20,146,147],{},"Ellen Rosenblatt, CC-BY-SA 3.5, with permission",[15,149,151],{"id":150},"teaching-children-to-communicate-about-peacocks","Teaching Children to Communicate About Peacocks",[20,153,154],{},"The neighborhood where I most often see peafowl is near the middle school where I drop off special needs children. (I drive a school bus when not writing.) These children were previously nonverbal, so I enjoy seeing them get excited. I began by making peacock mating calls for them. When they laughed, I started driving them around the school neighborhood to look for peacocks during morning spare time. Upon spotting one, I would have them tell me its location—on the right, on the left, on the rooftop.",[20,156,157],{},"Once, after breeding season when the peachicks were growing, we counted 48 peafowl in that one neighborhood. They were everywhere—in yards, on streets, on rooftops, and on school grounds. They played in bushes, rested on lawns, dug in the ground, and called to each other as they walked down the street. I worried their slow pace made them vulnerable to cars, but that rarely happens, as humans protect them.",[15,159,161],{"id":160},"human-protection-of-feral-peacocks","Human Protection of Feral Peacocks",[20,163,164],{},"You might wonder why I call them \"feral\" rather than \"wild.\" It's because they were once kept as decorative pets but now roam freely. They are accustomed to being near humans and rely on human support, even though they can go wherever they wish.",[20,166,167],{},"There's a busy street a few blocks from the school called Rosemead Blvd. One morning, while exploring the neighborhood, we saw peacocks near that street. We stopped at the corner to watch. Suddenly, three took off—one walked into traffic, and two flew low. I cried out as a car came close to hitting a flyer, but the car slowed, and the peacock rose, avoiding collision. The other two crossed safely as cars slowed to let them pass, and the walking peacock lifted heavily into the air.",[20,169,170],{},[71,171],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":172,"width":125},"\u002Fpics\u002Fa4d1d35de054b96d1dd7.webp",[20,174,175],{},[61,176,177],{},"This is about as high as I’ve ever seen a peacock fly. This one is flying down into the neighborhood from the rooftop of a building on Rosemead Blvd.",[20,179,133],{},[20,181,182],{},"Another time, at the same corner, we saw a peahen sitting in the middle of the side street next to Rosemead Blvd. She wasn't moving. A car that had turned off Rosemead had stopped, and the driver was standing in the road looking at the bird. I suggested she pick it up and move it to the sidewalk, which she did.",[20,184,185],{},"The bird was alive but catatonic. We wondered what had happened. It couldn't have been deliberate, because Pasadena is a bird sanctuary, which prohibits residents from killing peafowl intentionally. The city had even placed signs in populated neighborhoods to remind people that killing birds is illegal—including hitting them with cars.",[20,187,188],{},"Residents are also not supposed to feed them, but many do, so maybe this bird was accidentally poisoned. Or perhaps she was preparing to call for a mate, though it didn't seem so. I saw one on the road today that was calling, making a sick-sounding goosey sound. This video shows it as the female mating call.",[15,190,192],{"id":191},"diet-of-peacocks-in-california","Diet of Peacocks in California",[20,194,195],{},"Like other ground-dwelling birds, peafowl peck food from the ground rather than trees or air. Besides seeds, they eat snakes, snails, and bugs, often found in compost heaps. They also like pet food and tender seedlings of flowers and vegetables.",[20,197,198],{},"Homeowners who care for peafowl usually throw out bird seed. They could also provide an open compost pile or a garden of peafowl's favorite plants.",[20,200,201],{},"Here are some of their favorite plants:",[203,204,205,218],"table",{},[206,207,208],"thead",{},[209,210,211,215],"tr",{},[212,213,214],"th",{},"Favorite Flowers",[212,216,217],{},"Favorite Vegetables",[219,220,221,228],"tbody",{},[209,222,223,226],{},[224,225],"td",{},[224,227],{},[209,229,230,233],{},[224,231,232],{},"Amaryllis",[224,234],{},[20,236,237],{},"|",[20,239,240],{},"Broccoli",[20,242,243],{},"|\n|",[20,245,246],{},"Alyssum",[20,248,237],{},[20,250,251],{},"Brussel sprouts",[20,253,243],{},[20,255,256],{},"Begonia",[20,258,237],{},[20,260,261],{},"Cabbage",[20,263,243],{},[20,265,266],{},"California poppy",[20,268,237],{},[20,270,271],{},"Cauliflower",[20,273,243],{},[20,275,276],{},"Impatiens",[20,278,237],{},[20,280,281],{},"Chives",[20,283,243],{},[20,285,286],{},"Nasturtium",[20,288,237],{},[20,290,291],{},"Kale",[20,293,243],{},[20,295,296],{},"Pansies",[20,298,237],{},[20,300,301],{},"Kohlrabi",[20,303,243],{},[20,305,306],{},"Petunia",[20,308,237],{},[20,310,311],{},"Lettuce",[20,313,243],{},[20,315,316],{},"Primrose",[20,318,237],{},[20,320,321],{},"Tomato",[20,323,243],{},[20,325,326],{},"Stocks",[20,328,237],{},[20,330,331],{},"Chard",[20,333,237],{},[34,335,337],{"id":336},"how-to-avoid-attracting-peacocks","How to Avoid Attracting Peacocks",[20,339,340],{},"Homeowners who don't want peafowl on their property can avoid providing food by:",[42,342,343,346,349,352],{},[45,344,345],{},"Feeding house pets inside instead of outside",[45,347,348],{},"Covering the compost pile",[45,350,351],{},"Protecting the garden with wire netting",[45,353,354],{},"Surrounding favored plants with some that peafowl don't like.",[20,356,357],{},"Sprinklers will also deter them, since they don't like their feathers getting wet.",[20,359,360],{},[71,361],{"alt":73,"height":362,"src":363,"width":364},1114,"\u002Fpics\u002F8e9cc82e2ac732aab59c.webp",1486,[20,366,367],{},[61,368,369],{},"Although this woman usually just throws seeds out, here she is enticing a wary peacock with a cup of bird feed, while I watch.",[20,371,133],{},[15,373,375],{"id":374},"peacock-plumage-and-tails","Peacock Plumage and Tails",[20,377,378],{},"Each winter, peacocks lose their tail feathers, which then grow back longer and thicker. You can gauge a peacock's maturity by tail length. There's a mature peacock I call Narcissus that looks at himself in the shiny bumper of an SUV when mating season approaches. Occasionally, he pecks at the bumper, scratching it, to the annoyance of the car owner.",[20,380,381],{},"Females of all three species have less colorful and iridescent plumage than males. The green SE Asian peahen looks closest to the male, while Indian and Congolese peahens appear relatively dull. All females have shorter tails, mainly used to warn each other of danger. Like wild parrots, the brilliant and mottled plumage of peafowl allows them to blend into colorful landscapes and become almost invisible.",[20,383,384],{},"With humans loving such brilliant colors, breeders can't resist creating new ones. Hybrids tend to be more vigorous than purebred peacocks—another benefit to \"mixing the races.\" So far, purple, red, bronze, midnight, jade, and taupe peacocks have been bred, and of course, the gorgeous pure white one.",[20,386,387],{},"Males with longer, thicker tails are more attractive to females than those with shorter ones. Sometimes young males don't mate at all until their tail grows long, starting at about three years old. The next photo shows the comparison between a younger male and an older one.",[20,389,390],{},[71,391],{"alt":73,"height":392,"src":393,"width":125},2165,"\u002Fpics\u002F2e3b2a7b38e97eb1525f.webp",[20,395,396],{},[61,397,398],{},"The younger male on the right has a much shorter tail than the older male on the left, which makes it harder to attract a mate.",[20,400,133],{},[15,402,404],{"id":403},"the-peacock-dance-how-they-attract-mates","The Peacock Dance: How They Attract Mates",[20,406,407],{},"When you see photos of peacocks with their tails fanned out, you're actually looking at them doing their mating dance. They flip their tails up off the ground, spread them wide, and start turning slowly in circles. Occasionally they'll stop to shake their booties and rattle the tail feathers, then continue turning.",[20,409,410],{},"Often the male accompanies this display with a loud call that sounds like a mix of a baby crying and a cat's mating call. This is the call I used to make my kids laugh. There may or may not be females around at the time, which suggests that the call is more of an announcement than an attempt to beckon females hither.",[20,412,413],{},"If females are present and show a bit of interest, the peacock will start \"herding,\" like in the first photo below. His tail curves forward as he approaches a female to separate her from the others. He can even \"urge\" her with the way he moves his feathers. If she doesn't like it, she can leave at any time … and usually does. I watched this young one for a long time and none of the four females paid any attention to him.",[20,415,416],{},[71,417],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":418,"width":125},"\u002Fpics\u002Fe65ee4a8588f63a1eece.webp",[20,420,421],{},[61,422,423],{},"This photo was taken next to their feeding yard. The young male is trying to entice any of the four females to mate with him. No one was interested.",[20,425,133],{},[20,427,428],{},[71,429],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":430,"width":125},"\u002Fpics\u002Fc17b4975e28128d9a739.webp",[20,432,433],{},[61,434,435],{},"As part of the enticement, males slowly turn their bodies around to show the back side, which they then audibly shudder back and forth, making their feathers shake and rattle.",[20,437,133],{},[20,439,440],{},[71,441],{"alt":73,"height":442,"src":443,"width":125},1200,"\u002Fpics\u002F05d6f654f8522252a332.webp",[20,445,446],{},[61,447,448],{},"This older peacock is in the middle of a rattle. Note how his tail feathers are blurred, as they shake about. You can even see some of them clicking together on the right.",[20,450,133],{},[15,452,454],{"id":453},"how-peacocks-and-peahens-mate","How Peacocks and Peahens Mate",[20,456,457],{},"There have been stories about peacocks hypnotizing females with the colorful eyes on their tails, which then automatically impregnate them, and of peahens getting pregnant from drinking a peacock's tears, but neither of those are true. In reality, what females look for is thickness in the number of tail \"eyes\" or \"ocelli,\" which indicates better health. The smell of a male may play a part, too, according to recent olfactory studies of birds.",[20,459,460],{},"When a peacock mates, he will wait for the acceptance of the female before jumping on her back. She will give a little cry and crouch, whereupon he jumps on, aligns his tail with hers, and grabs her neck with his beak to hold himself in place while he does his thing.",[20,462,463],{},"Females often dominate a preferred male for several matings before letting him go to another. They are not polygamous or monogamous, because their primary purpose is to lay eggs. They'll accommodate as many strong males as it takes. Then they need to find a nesting spot.",[15,465,467],{"id":466},"peahens-nesting-and-laying-eggs","Peahens Nesting and Laying Eggs",[20,469,470],{},"When peafowl approach a house, they're looking for food or water, a safe roosting place, or a place to nest. Although peafowl roost in trees and on roofs, when it comes to nesting time, the peahen digs into the ground, where her duller feathers are camouflaged in the dirt.",[20,472,473],{},"She fills the nest with leaves and feathers to cushion her eggs, then lays them one a day up to 10 eggs. She checks them periodically, moving the unhatched ones under her chest and fluffing her feathers to create as large a warm space as possible.",[20,475,476],{},"If you listen to the video below, you'll hear the little purring, clucking sound she uses to reassure her chicks as they hatch. It's a long process that allows her only brief snatches of sleep.",[20,478,479],{},"Even before they leave the nest, she is already showing her peachicks how to nibble for food. Sometimes she lets them nibble from her mouth. At two days old, the chicks are starting to flex their fledgling wings. At four days old, they're starting to wander outside the nest. At five days old they're ready to leave, whereupon she leads them to a place where she can show them how to forage.",[20,481,482],{},[71,483],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":484,"width":125},"\u002Fpics\u002F14dde8686753110d15cb.webp",[20,486,487],{},[61,488,489],{},"Protected by the school fence, one peahen digs her nest in the ground, while the other keeps a watch out.",[20,491,133],{},[15,493,495],{"id":494},"how-the-young-grow-to-adults","How the Young Grow to Adults",[20,497,498],{},"Like most ground birds, the young follow their mothers around until they're able to fend for themselves. They learn which food is good to eat and where to find it. They learn how to escape or avoid predators, how to hide, and where to roost. When there is danger the mothers spread their own tails and blast a single, distinctive call to alert the young, which run quickly to hide under her feathers.",[20,500,501],{},"Parking my school bus next to the school of my special needs kids, we watched older chicks chasing each other through tall clumps of decorative grasses across the street while, in front of us, the mothers flew over the fence into the schoolyard to peck the ground under the old oak trees.",[20,503,504],{},[71,505],{"alt":73,"height":506,"src":507,"width":508},855,"\u002Fpics\u002F4b1d6a6bd54b24147a2c.webp",1425,[20,510,511],{},[61,512,513],{},"It was awkward taking photos from my school bus with the kids onboard, so I drove to the Arboretum to get shots of babies.",[20,515,133],{},[15,517,519],{"id":518},"how-peacocks-protect-themselves","How Peacocks Protect Themselves",[20,521,522],{},"Although humans protect peafowl from their own predation, that does NOT extend to natural predators. One of the reasons peacocks have not completely overwhelmed the streets is because coyotes come down from the hills around Pasadena looking for food. They've discovered that little dogs and cats are not the only food available. Raccoons eat peachicks too.",[20,524,525],{},"Although peafowl are strong birds and will fight back, they're not always successful. They have been seen banded together, chasing coyotes away, but the coyotes always come back.",[20,527,528],{},"To protect themselves at night, peafowl find rooftops or tall trees in which to roost. We watched to see how they handled rain—they just huddled on the ground, on the roof, sometimes on people's porches. They didn't look like they were seeking shelter.",[20,530,531],{},[71,532],{"alt":73,"height":123,"src":533,"width":125},"\u002Fpics\u002F465de0e645ea944256ae.webp",[20,535,536],{},[61,537,538],{},"Peafowl roosting on the roof of their favorite house down the street from the school.",[20,540,133],{},[15,542,544],{"id":543},"problems-with-peafowl","Problems With Peafowl",[20,546,547],{},"Not all homeowners like having peafowl around. Like Pasadena's wild parrots, peacocks are obnoxious birds in some ways. I've heard people complaining about noise, scratches on vehicles, and dirty habits. One man in La Cañada, northwest of Pasadena, wrote a letter to the editor complaining about \"hundreds of pounds\" of peacock poop he's had to shovel out of his driveway.",[20,549,550],{},"Some people in other (wealthy) neighborhoods around Los Angeles have actually broken the law and deliberately killed the birds, but they risk a $20,000 fine or three years in jail if caught . . . and authorities do investigate.",[20,552,553],{},"Oftentimes when peacocks feel threatened they like to get high, and that can sometimes be destructive too, as the following video shows.",[20,555,556],{},"By the time I'd finished my research and observed how peafowl live in Pasadena, I'd become curious about how they live in the wild. The following video shows real wild peafowl—at least as far as humans can film them. These are the green, SE Asian peafowl. In case you have peafowl wandering your neighborhood, this will give you a comparison.",[15,558,560],{"id":559},"what-other-cities-have-feral-peacocks","What Other Cities Have Feral Peacocks?",[20,562,563],{},"The only question I have left now is: How widespread is this phenomenon of peacocks running wild in the streets? I know there are feral peacocks in San Diego and wealthy places in Los Angeles. But where else are they—in other states? Other countries? 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