[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":839},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item:\u002Fpet-health\u002Fyour-maltese-and-periodontal-disease":3,"platform:site":267},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":11,"canonical":197,"category":198,"categorySlugs":206,"cid":207,"cover":208,"description":212,"extension":213,"featured":214,"language":215,"meta":216,"navigation":217,"noindex":214,"ogImage":218,"path":219,"publishedAt":220,"recipe":197,"related":221,"revisedAt":197,"seo":249,"seoDescription":212,"seoTitle":5,"sortKey":197,"sources":250,"stem":254,"tagSlugs":255,"tags":258,"translations":263,"type":264,"url":265,"__hash__":266},"platformItems\u002Fplatform\u002Fitems\u002F3066.md","Protecting Tiny Canine Smiles: A Guide to Dental Care for Small Breeds",[7],{"name":8,"slug":9,"role":10},"Elliot Campbell","elliot-campbell","author",{"type":12,"value":13,"toc":188},"minimark",[14,19,23,26,29,32,41,47,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,75,80,84,87,90,93,96,99,110,113,117,120,123,139,146,151,154,158,161,164,167,170,174,177,182],[15,16,18],"h2",{"id":17},"why-small-dogs-are-prone-to-dental-issues","Why Small Dogs Are Prone to Dental Issues",[20,21,22],"p",{},"Does your small dog's breath make guests recoil when she pants in their faces? If so, periodontal disease may already be present. Research indicates that dogs who breathe with their mouths open tend to have oral environments that do not support healthy bacteria, making them more susceptible to dental problems. (1) This condition involves inflammation of the gums at the tooth base, and because small dogs have cramped mouths with crowded teeth, they are at greater risk compared to larger breeds.",[20,24,25],{},"When food particles get trapped between teeth, bacteria multiply, plaque accumulates, and eventually hardens into calculus (tartar). This calculus irritates the gums, leading to gingivitis. As gums swell, calculus can extend beneath the gingiva, allowing bacteria to thrive further in those pockets.",[20,27,28],{},"At this stage, your tiny companion has periodontal disease. Without intervention, bone loss and painful pus-filled pockets under the gum line will develop.",[20,30,31],{},"She will also start to have bad breath.",[20,33,34],{},[35,36],"img",{"alt":37,"height":38,"src":39,"width":40},"",875,"\u002Fpics\u002Fd10252cab49766fb320d.webp",768,[20,42,43],{},[44,45,46],"em",{},"This is a retained puppy canine. Note that the teeth are even closer together than normal teeth in a dog’s mouth",[15,48,50],{"id":49},"preventing-dental-problems-in-small-dogs","Preventing Dental Problems in Small Dogs",[20,52,53],{},"Brushing your dog's teeth is among the most effective methods to remove plaque. You can brush without toothpaste or use flavored toothpastes made specifically for dogs—never use human toothpaste, as it is not designed to be swallowed and can cause stomach upset. There are dog toothbrushes that fit on your fingertip, or you can use a gauze square.",[20,55,56],{},"The tool you use matters less than how consistently you brush.",[20,58,59],{},"For puppies, it is easy to acclimate them to dental care. Handle her feet, touch inside her ears, and let her get used to your fingers in her mouth and feeling the outside of her teeth at least once a day.",[20,61,62],{},"If you notice your puppy still has her puppy canine teeth along with the adult ones, arrange to have them removed while she is under anesthesia, perhaps during spaying or neutering. Small dogs sometimes retain these baby teeth, and food and bacteria will worsen in the gap between the puppy and adult canines.",[20,64,65],{},"If you adopt an adult dog, getting her used to daily brushing may be more challenging, but with daily practice, she will likely come to see it as normal. Both of you need to be relaxed, then start by handling your dog's head and mouth, petting her and lifting her lips. Gradually increase the time your fingers spend in her mouth. Make it a positive experience with praise and rewards.",[20,67,68],{},"Avoid getting bitten!",[20,70,71],{},[35,72],{"alt":37,"height":73,"src":74,"width":73},350,"\u002Fpics\u002Fbba017bcf458298a93dd.webp",[20,76,77],{},[44,78,79],{},"These little finger toothbrushes can be used to clean your dog’s teeth.",[15,81,83],{"id":82},"what-if-my-dog-resists-brushing","What If My Dog Resists Brushing?",[20,85,86],{},"If brushing proves impossible, there are alternatives. Some companies sell hard kibble designed for dental cleaning. They claim the food is clinically proven to reduce plaque and tartar, but will it prevent periodontal disease in your small dog?",[20,88,89],{},"Based on my experience, no. This diet helps, but it works best alongside other methods like brushing or chew bones.",[20,91,92],{},"What about chew bones? Consider it from a human perspective. What would your dentist say if you went for a five-year checkup and said you never brushed but chewed on something daily?",[20,94,95],{},"He likely would not be impressed. Several products on the market contain enzymes and tooth cleaners. CET dental chews are coated with chlorhexidine to help clean teeth as she chews, plain rawhide aids natural chewing to keep teeth clean, and rope toys provide a polishing effect.",[20,97,98],{},"Daily flossing with a rope toy is better than nothing.",[20,100,101,102,105,106,109],{},"The latest option for small dog owners is vaccination against dental disease. The new periodontal vaccine may only protect dogs that are already healthy, but it can reduce bone loss caused by several porphyromonas bacteria, ",[44,103,104],{},"P. gulae, P. denticanis,"," and ",[44,107,108],{},"P. salivosa",".",[20,111,112],{},"Much research has shown these vaccines are not very effective, so do not be surprised if your veterinarian does not administer them.",[15,114,116],{"id":115},"treating-existing-dental-problems","Treating Existing Dental Problems",[20,118,119],{},"During your small dog's annual exam, her mouth will be checked, and if pockets are found, your vet will likely recommend x-rays to assess severity and guide treatment aggressiveness.",[20,121,122],{},"If periodontal disease is left untreated, your little dog can develop complications beyond loose teeth, bad breath, and a sore mouth. She may experience stomach or GI issues, depression, and because bacteria enter the bloodstream, she can develop endocarditis (inflammation of the heart lining and valves), as well as kidney and liver infections.",[124,125,126,130,133,136],"ul",{},[127,128,129],"li",{},"If you opt for dental x-rays, about 60 percent of problems can be hidden under the gum line; x-rays might reveal loss of density in the socket or bone support around the tooth.",[127,131,132],{},"Treatment depends on disease progression. Early periodontal disease can be managed with prophylaxis (cleaning and polishing). Under anesthesia, tartar is removed, the mouth is examined more thoroughly, and teeth are polished.",[127,134,135],{},"If more issues are found during prophylaxis, your small dog might need root planing, subgingival curettage, gingivectomy, or even tooth extraction. Often, the severity cannot be determined until she is under anesthesia and tartar is removed.",[127,137,138],{},"Many dogs require antibiotics. Commonly used ones include amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox), clindamycin (Antirobe), and cefadroxil (Cefa-Tabs and Cefa-Drops). Your vet might recommend antibiotics before and after teeth cleaning.",[20,140,141],{},[35,142],{"alt":37,"height":143,"src":144,"width":145},427,"\u002Fpics\u002F9975e94f8fe4b054ed2d.webp",640,[20,147,148],{},[44,149,150],{},"Maltese that are open-mouth breathers are also prone to develop periodontal disease.",[20,152,153],{},"cc-by flickr.com kikolopes 4438051103",[15,155,157],{"id":156},"will-teeth-still-need-cleaning-despite-brushing","Will Teeth Still Need Cleaning Despite Brushing?",[20,159,160],{},"I wish I could say brushing alone is sufficient. However, despite your efforts, most small dogs develop problems, and you can only minimize them and address them periodically.",[20,162,163],{},"Periodontal disease is a serious issue in small dogs and no hoax. My three-year-old Maltese had worse oral health than my seven-year-old pit bull. A dog with a healthy mouth and widely spaced teeth (like a Golden Retriever) may do fine with weekly brushing and some chewing—unfortunately, your small dog is not okay with that.",[20,165,166],{},"If you practice daily care and address problems early, they can be managed before severe issues arise. Do not delay.",[20,168,169],{},"Your little friend is worth the effort.",[15,171,173],{"id":172},"sources","Sources",[20,175,176],{},"(1) Santibáñez R, Rodríguez-Salas C, Flores-Yáñez C, Garrido D, Thomson P. Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease. Vet Sci. 2021 Nov 27;8(12):291. doi: 10.3390\u002Fvetsci8120291. PMID: 34941818; PMCID: PMC8707289. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8707289\u002F",[20,178,179],{},[44,180,181],{},"This article is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge. It is not meant to substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, or formal and individualized advice from a veterinary medical professional. Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.",[20,183,184],{},[185,186,187],"strong",{},"© 2012 Mark dos Anjos, DVM",{"title":37,"searchDepth":189,"depth":189,"links":190},2,[191,192,193,194,195,196],{"id":17,"depth":189,"text":18},{"id":49,"depth":189,"text":50},{"id":82,"depth":189,"text":83},{"id":115,"depth":189,"text":116},{"id":156,"depth":189,"text":157},{"id":172,"depth":189,"text":173},null,{"slug":199,"name":200,"path":201},"pet-health","Health",[202,205],{"slug":203,"name":204},"animals","Animals",{"slug":199,"name":200},[203,199],3066,{"src":209,"srcset":210,"width":211,"height":211,"alt":5},"\u002Fpics\u002F06e1e90cc2a28d755b39.webp","\u002Fpics\u002F3bdf20ea087eb54d6910.webp 400w, \u002Fpics\u002F06e1e90cc2a28d755b39.webp 445w",445,"Small dogs face higher risks of periodontal issues due to crowded mouths. 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