[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1263},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item:\u002Fpet-health\u002Frelaxing-anxious-dog-medical-and-behavioral":3,"platform:site":692},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":11,"canonical":624,"category":625,"categorySlugs":633,"cid":634,"cover":635,"description":638,"extension":639,"featured":640,"language":641,"meta":642,"navigation":643,"noindex":640,"ogImage":644,"path":645,"publishedAt":646,"recipe":624,"related":647,"revisedAt":624,"seo":674,"seoDescription":638,"seoTitle":5,"sortKey":624,"sources":675,"stem":679,"tagSlugs":680,"tags":683,"translations":688,"type":689,"url":690,"__hash__":691},"platformItems\u002Fplatform\u002Fitems\u002F2766.md","18 Approaches for Easing Anxiety in Dogs: Which One Might Work for Your Pet?",[7],{"name":8,"slug":9,"role":10},"Rowan Williams","rowan-williams","author",{"type":12,"value":13,"toc":596},"minimark",[14,18,21,24,82,91,97,100,105,108,111,114,121,126,129,133,136,139,157,160,166,171,174,178,181,184,187,194,199,202,206,209,216,219,225,230,233,237,240,243,246,252,257,260,264,267,270,274,279,282,286,289,293,296,299,305,310,313,317,321,324,327,331,334,337,340,343,347,350,382,385,388,391,395,398,402,405,426,430,433,436,450,454,457,460,464,467,471,474,477,480,486,491,494,498,501,504,507,510,514,521,528,535,542,549,556,563,570,577,584,591],[15,16,17],"p",{},"Nervousness, tension, and high energy affect dogs just as they do humans. Those who share their lives with a jittery Chihuahua or an energetic Boxer might argue that dogs struggle with these issues even more intensely. Some dogs react as if they are under threat or in peril even when there is no actual danger.",[15,19,20],{},"When anxiety takes hold, dogs may lick their front leg repeatedly—past the fur, past the skin, all the way to the bone. Stress and hyperactivity can result in dug-up yards, shredded couches, and damaged drywall. Pacing, barking too much, and house-training accidents are additional signals of an anxious dog.",[15,22,23],{},"Below are helpful suggestions for lowering anxiety. Most anxious dogs are not easily cured and require multiple approaches; start with the earlier items on this list, and if they do not help your pet, continue down to try the remaining ones:",[25,26,27,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79],"ol",{},[28,29,30],"li",{},"give comfort food",[28,32,33],{},"provide a safe space",[28,35,36],{},"use touching and massage",[28,38,39],{},"go for a walk",[28,41,42],{},"take your dog swimming",[28,44,45],{},"play music",[28,47,48],{},"give calming treats",[28,50,51],{},"use a calming collar",[28,53,54],{},"try a hormone inhaler",[28,56,57],{},"buy a thundershirt or other calming coat",[28,59,60],{},"use counterconditioning and desensitization training",[28,62,63],{},"talk to your vet about sedatives and other medications",[28,65,66],{},"try herbal remedies",[28,68,69],{},"use melatonin",[28,71,72],{},"buy essential oil",[28,74,75],{},"use tryptophan",[28,77,78],{},"take your dog to the dog park",[28,80,81],{},"use CBD oil",[15,83,84],{},[85,86],"img",{"alt":87,"height":88,"src":89,"width":90},"",485,"\u002Fpics\u002F7e9316c7c827aee48bde.webp",800,[15,92,93],{},[94,95,96],"em",{},"Not all dogs will accept comfort food when stressed but it is the best first thing to try.",[15,98,99],{},"flickr.com hennasabel3761312228",[101,102,104],"h2",{"id":103},"_1-comfort-food","1. Comfort Food",[15,106,107],{},"For a dog, comfort food might mean a raw chicken foot or a big aged beef bone, though every dog is different and some may prefer something like ice cream. Offering a large raw bone is a good starting point because it can occupy your dog for hours, but if your dog ignores it, you will need to experiment to discover what they find soothing.",[15,109,110],{},"Do not go overboard. As with people, excessive comfort food can cause obesity.",[15,112,113],{},"For a dog dealing with nervousness and separation anxiety, one possible approach is to feed them before you leave and stay with them while they eat. A full stomach may make your pet more inclined to sleep. This does not work for every dog, since some will reject even their favorite foods when they are anxious.",[15,115,116],{},[85,117],{"alt":87,"height":118,"src":119,"width":120},2048,"\u002Fpics\u002F3a31170e1524532c83de.webp",1536,[15,122,123],{},[94,124,125],{},"Some dogs need a safe space when feeling anxious.",[15,127,128],{},"flickr.com emmajane409010100",[101,130,132],{"id":131},"_2-safe-space","2. Safe Space",[15,134,135],{},"What counts as a safe space differs from one dog to another, and not all pets will choose to use the space you set up when they feel uneasy. A safe space can be very helpful for dogs with noise anxiety, but it must be arranged properly.",[15,137,138],{},"To create a safe space:",[140,141,142,145,148,151,154],"ul",{},[28,143,144],{},"place a crate of the right size in a quiet room",[28,146,147],{},"if no quiet room is available, the space should not be near the front or back door where activity is more likely",[28,149,150],{},"if using a wire crate, drape a blanket over it to make it darker and more like a den",[28,152,153],{},"keep a fan running in the room if your dog is sensitive to noise",[28,155,156],{},"set up a cell phone or other sound system next to the crate playing soft piano music",[15,158,159],{},"One crate on the market (Zen Crate) includes a fan to mask noise, a gentle rocking motion to distract your dog, and also plays music. If you cannot create a suitable space, it may be worth the cost. They can be bought online or at some local pet stores.",[15,161,162],{},[85,163],{"alt":87,"height":164,"src":165,"width":90},531,"\u002Fpics\u002Ff106f8145171c0ccdb53.webp",[15,167,168],{},[94,169,170],{},"You are the most important thing in your dogs life so a massage will often help in anxious situations.",[15,172,173],{},"flickr.com _tar0_9516252969",[101,175,177],{"id":176},"_3-massage-and-touch","3. Massage and Touch",[15,179,180],{},"Dogs like being touched by people, and a good massage can sometimes be even more effective at calming an anxious dog. If you would rather not do this yourself, canine massage therapists are now available in many large urban areas. If you cannot locate one, ask a vet who works with senior dogs suffering from arthritis.",[15,182,183],{},"Years ago I purchased the Tellington Ttouch book and learned the method to help some of my overly stressed canine patients. While acupressure and acupuncture tend to be more useful for dogs with musculoskeletal issues, touch was created to help nervous and tense dogs. Does it help them relax?",[15,185,186],{},"I think it should be tried but you may need other techniques.",[15,188,189],{},[85,190],{"alt":87,"height":191,"src":192,"width":193},494,"\u002Fpics\u002F81d84bb31b799adf5895.webp",799,[15,195,196],{},[94,197,198],{},"A long walk in a quiet area will often calm an anxious dog.",[15,200,201],{},"flickr.com see-through-the-eye-of-g4617904387",[101,203,205],{"id":204},"_4-a-long-walk","4. A Long Walk",[15,207,208],{},"Exercise is really the best way to calm any dog down. Any dog that walks far enough will become tired, and almost all tired dogs will relax and fall asleep. Even a mellow dog needs at least one 30-minute walk per day, and if you can walk your dog three times a day, they will thank you for it. A hyper dog carrying a loaded backpack will, of course, tire out even sooner, and reward you with a nap when you get home.",[15,210,211,212,215],{},"In my opinion, the beach is an excellent place to practice meditation, but you do not need to live near the beach to give your dog long walks. Alexandra Horowitz, in her excellent book ",[94,213,214],{},"Inside of a Dog",", recommends taking dogs on an occasional “smell walk.” This is a great idea if you have a geriatric Golden Retriever, but perhaps not so good if you have a young Jack Russel Terrier that you want to sleep before midnight.",[15,217,218],{},"If your dog enjoys playing ball, that is another great form of exercise. No matter what, though, get out and walk your dog. Both of you will benefit from it. (1)",[15,220,221],{},[85,222],{"alt":87,"height":223,"src":224,"width":90},445,"\u002Fpics\u002Fe6a4634f6be695bf1563.webp",[15,226,227],{},[94,228,229],{},"Swimming is a form of exercise beneficial to dogs suffering from anxiety.",[15,231,232],{},"flickr.com brusimm13931886564",[101,234,236],{"id":235},"_5-swimming","5. Swimming",[15,238,239],{},"Another type of exercise that is very helpful for anxious dogs is swimming. Although most of the evidence for the benefits of swimming is for humans (2), the same things apply to dogs.",[15,241,242],{},"Swimming is a great form of exercise because many more muscles are used than with walking. Some dogs like pools but others are only interested in lakes, rivers, and beaches. If you have a location available you will find that the amount of time spent walking will be greatly reduced, and your dog will be more tired and more likely to relax and sleep after a session.",[15,244,245],{},"If you are taking your dog swimming for the first time, be sure to purchase a dog life-vest before taking them into the water. Most of them love the water but not all dog breeds are good swimmers.",[15,247,248],{},[85,249],{"alt":87,"height":250,"src":251,"width":90},533,"\u002Fpics\u002F7de152dfa35ca6ec7f91.webp",[15,253,254],{},[94,255,256],{},"Some dogs respond well to music when stressed.",[15,258,259],{},"flickr.com 115089924@N0245938604982",[101,261,263],{"id":262},"_6-good-music","6. Good Music",[15,265,266],{},"In shelter dogs, a study with piano music showed that dogs spent more time relaxing with their heads down than they did when exposed to hormones or lavender. (3) Shelter dogs are even more nervous than dogs in a normal household.",[15,268,269],{},"Many types of music are effective but studies have shown better results with piano classical. You can download piano music on your cell phone and play it when your dog retreats to their safe space. There are also CDs designed to calm anxious dogs.",[101,271,273],{"id":272},"other-methods-to-try","Other Methods to Try",[275,276,278],"h3",{"id":277},"_7-calming-treats","7. Calming Treats",[15,280,281],{},"Many different brands are available but most use herbal remedies that have not been tested. One study done on a product that contained passion flower (4) found it effective and if you are trying one of these treats in times of stress use a calming chew with passion flower and melatonin. There are many available with ingredients that might help but both of these have been studied and are have been shown to help dogs suffering from anxiety.",[275,283,285],{"id":284},"_8-calming-collar","8. Calming Collar",[15,287,288],{},"When a mother dog has puppies, she produces a hormone that has a calming effect on the puppies while they are nursing. This product is available as a diffuser but if you have a puppy that is never in one place for too long a collar is more likely to help. Many versions are available but this collar has been shown to be effective.",[275,290,292],{"id":291},"_9-hormone-diffuser","9. Hormone Diffuser",[15,294,295],{},"Although this product has not been shown to be more effective than music (3), it is very good for many dogs and should be considered if the other methods you use are ineffective. It is odorless and only dogs can smell the pheromones that are released from the diffuser.",[15,297,298],{},"Even in a veterinary clinic, where dogs are often suffering from anxiety due to separation from their families, dogs were less desctructive, paced less, and stopped licking excessively. (5) In the home this hormone diffuser is probably even more effective.",[15,300,301],{},[85,302],{"alt":87,"height":303,"src":304,"width":90},522,"\u002Fpics\u002F520dd3a31d9ae502321f.webp",[15,306,307],{},[94,308,309],{},"Shirts make some dogs feel safe.",[15,311,312],{},"flickr.com blumenbiene10891654674",[101,314,316],{"id":315},"still-need-more","Still Need More?",[275,318,320],{"id":319},"_10-thundershirt-or-other-calming-coats","10. Thundershirt or Other Calming Coats",[15,322,323],{},"By applying pressure to your dog´s torso these shirts make a dog feel calmer when worn. These products are helpful in some anxiety conditions (fireworks, thunder) but not in others, like those dogs suffering from separation anxiety.",[15,325,326],{},"A blanket might work as well in some dogs but if they get up and walk around it will no longer be effective so it is worth investing in one of these coats. The prices vary depending on the brand and they are much less expensive than setting up a safe space. They will not work for all dogs, so try some of the alternatives listed above first.",[275,328,330],{"id":329},"_11-counterconditioning-and-desensitization-training","11. Counterconditioning and Desensitization Training",[15,332,333],{},"Behavioral training may be all that your dog needs but when combined with the other methods on this list the results can be extraordinary.",[15,335,336],{},"Use counterconditioning to help your dog associate the thing they are afraid with something good. If your dog becomes anxious when the garbage truck comes by, be sure to be there for them and give treats, lots of praise, a favorite toy, etc. Here is a more detailed article on how you can use counterconditioning to get your dog used to fireworks. This training method is not going to work overnight, and some dogs will need sedatives or other medicines while in training, but eventually, this works well in many cases of anxiety.",[15,338,339],{},"Desensitization is another training method and may be more appropriate for separation anxiety and fear of other dogs. Dogs are exposed to something they are afraid of and learn that it is no big deal. If your dog gets upset every time you leave the house, walk out the front door, close it for a few seconds, and then walk back in. You can increase the time outside a little each day and they will eventually realize it is nothing to worry about.",[15,341,342],{},"This method also works much better with some medications.",[275,344,346],{"id":345},"_12-sedatives-and-mood-changing-drugs","12. Sedatives and Mood-Changing Drugs",[15,348,349],{},"There are many sedatives and other medications available for dogs with anxiety. They all need to be used with behavioral cures too (like training, counterconditioning, and a safe space) and sometimes dogs will need to be on medication for the rest of their lives. Here are a few of the most common:",[140,351,352,355,358,361,364,367,370,373,376,379],{},[28,353,354],{},"Alprazolam (Xanax)",[28,356,357],{},"Amitriptyline",[28,359,360],{},"Buspirone",[28,362,363],{},"Clomipramine (Clomicalm)",[28,365,366],{},"Dexmedetomidine (Sileo)",[28,368,369],{},"Diazepam (Valium)",[28,371,372],{},"Fluoxetine (Reconcile or Prozac)",[28,374,375],{},"Lorazepam (Ativan)",[28,377,378],{},"Paroxetine (Paxil)",[28,380,381],{},"Sertraline (Zoloft)",[15,383,384],{},"Tufts Veterinary College has also developed the “Chill Protocol” for anxious dogs that will need to be seen by a veterinarian. Dogs are given gabapentin, melatonin, and acepromazine.",[15,386,387],{},"All of these medications are only available through your veterinarian and they will take a careful history and physical before deciding which one is the best choice. Some are more effective for separation anxiety, some for thunderstorms, and others are used for specific problems like dog-dog anxiety.",[15,389,390],{},"These medications are going to be more effective than many of the other things on the list but many have side effects. Try the other methods listed above before resorting to their use.",[275,392,394],{"id":393},"_13-melatonin","13. Melatonin",[15,396,397],{},"This natural hormone encourages dogs to sleep during the night, and giving it other times of the day reduces anxiety by helping them become drowsy. If you want to purchase calming chews for your dog be sure to buy a product that has this hormone. If you are giving it alone do not use the human pills since some contain artificial sweeteners like xylitol that can be toxic to your dog.",[275,399,401],{"id":400},"_14-herbal-remedies","14. Herbal Remedies",[15,403,404],{},"Unfortunately, many of these remedies have not been proven to work in dogs but many have been shown to work well in humans. Since so little money is available in research funds for dogs, and almost no pharmaceutical company is going to benefit financially from proving that a herb works, research may never be done. If you want to try some of these things, however, here are your best choices:",[140,406,407,414,420],{},[28,408,409,413],{},[410,411,412],"strong",{},"Valerian Root:"," This product may be useful in humans but has not been shown to be effective in dogs. In the one study I have seen, of a product called Rescue Remedy, the study showed that “No statistically significant differences were found when dogs were exposed to Pet Remedy or the placebo”. Many anecdotal reports of this dog’s effectiveness in dogs exist, however, and it is a common additive in the herbal stress chews and pills available over the counter.",[28,415,416,419],{},[410,417,418],{},"Chamomille:"," A very common component of dog relaxing chews, this herb is sometimes useful in reducing anxiety. It is probably not effective in all conditions though so even if you use calming treats you should also try the alternatives.",[28,421,422,425],{},[410,423,424],{},"St. Johns Wort:"," This herb may be beneficial since it has been shown to work in humans. It has been shown to be effective in one type of behavioral problems in dogs, tail chasing, but may not be effective in other anxiety orders like separation anxiety. In a combination product, it may be beneficial but also may interfere with many other medications (like some heart medications and some sedatives).",[275,427,429],{"id":428},"_15-lavender-oil","15. Lavender Oil",[15,431,432],{},"Aromatherapy using many essential oils has been tried for anxiety but there is little data to support their effectiveness and safety. Lavender oil, however, has been shown to be useful in travel-related anxiety and may be useful in other cases.",[15,434,435],{},"If you do decide to use this instead of some of the other methods listed, there are a few things you need to be aware of:",[140,437,438,441,444,447],{},[28,439,440],{},"Do not buy any product that lists a lot of other ingredients and is labeled “anxiety”. Only lavender has been shown to be effective and the mixed products have much less of it.",[28,442,443],{},"This essential oil is sold only for aromatherapy and lavender oil should not be put on the food or onto your dog’s skin.",[28,445,446],{},"Essential oils are expensive to produce and are not that cheap to purchase. If it is much less than the other products you have seen, it probably has a very low amount of lavender and will not be effective.",[28,448,449],{},"Aromatherapy should not be used on a dog with a chronic medical condition until you have consulted with your veterinarian.",[275,451,453],{"id":452},"_16-tryptophan","16. Tryptophan",[15,455,456],{},"A common ingredient in many calming dog treats, tryptophan has been shown to alter the moods of mammals. It is not a miracle cure since dogs have been shown to spend less time on anxious behavior but may not stop completely. Controlled studies have found that it has a variable effect but it has been useful in some situations (6, 7) and there are plenty of anecdotes that report that it is useful.",[15,458,459],{},"All dog foods already have tryptophan in them but if you decide to supplement with this be sure to buy a calming treat that also has passion flower and melatonin.",[275,461,463],{"id":462},"_17-dog-park","17. Dog Park",[15,465,466],{},"The benefit of a dog park is that an anxious dog will be able to exercise freely, even more so than when out for a walk, and will sometimes be more likely to relax.\nThe big disadvantage of the dog park, and I have added it so far down the list, is that some dogs will become more stressed when dealing with other members of their species. Do not take your dog to the park is they have dog-dog anxiety.",[275,468,470],{"id":469},"_18-cbd-oil","18. CBD Oil",[15,472,473],{},"A dog has even more cannabinoid receptors than a human, which may be one reason greater toxicity is reported in dogs. (8) Some studies have shown CBD oil to be effective for arthritis and secondary pain, but no studies are available that show that the oil has a calming influence on dogs. In fact, studies do show that it has no effect on anxiety when given at recommended levels. (9) This is the reason I have added this at the bottom of the list.",[15,475,476],{},"Despite this information, there are anecdotal reports that it works and some websites suggest it is the best thing out there for dogs with anxiety. Dosage recommendations, especially for anxiety, are rather vague and vary from site to site.",[15,478,479],{},"If you do decide to use this drug, be aware that it is still illegal in some places. Dosage recommendations vary due to the manufacturer of the oil so be sure to check the links above and read all the literature available when your receive the product so as to not overdose your dog.",[15,481,482],{},[85,483],{"alt":87,"height":484,"src":485,"width":193},576,"\u002Fpics\u002F07509bb25ae4f5730a79.webp",[15,487,488],{},[94,489,490],{},"Remember that you are the most important thing to reduce stress.",[15,492,493],{},"flickr.com wonderlane21427989284",[101,495,497],{"id":496},"homeopathic-remedies","Homeopathic Remedies",[15,499,500],{},"Homeopathic remedies sold at some pet shops will put a label on the bottle telling you that they will make your dog relax and feel better. They are just water with almost nothing else in them, which is why the label can use phrases like “non-toxic”, “gentle”, and “dog cannot overdose or become sick”. These remedies have a placebo effect and unfortunately, when the human family doses their dog they will feel like they are helping and sometimes even tell their family and friends that their dog is less anxious.",[15,502,503],{},"Bach flower essences also put “non-toxic” on the label because they are just water. Even if the flower is of any benefit it has been diluted out of this product. Numerous studies have been done on humans and dogs and none of them show that this worked better than the placebo. (10)",[15,505,506],{},"None of these “cures” work. You are wasting your money when you could be getting one of the products listed above. Worse than that, you are making your dog suffer and he or she will continue to be anxious because of these “medications”.",[15,508,509],{},"If you do not want your dog to suffer, do not buy these things. Read the list above and get something that works.",[101,511,513],{"id":512},"references","References",[15,515,516,517,520],{},"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Araujo C, Lohi H. ",[410,518,519],{},"Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs",". Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 5;10 (1):2962. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32139728\u002F",[15,522,523,524,527],{},"(1) Tiira, K., & Lohi, H. (2015). ",[410,525,526],{},"Early Life Experiences and Exercise Associate with Canine Anxieties",". PloS one, 10(11), e0141907. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4631323\u002F",[15,529,530,531,534],{},"(2) van Tulleken, C., Tipton, M., Massey, H., & Harper, C. M. (2018). ",[410,532,533],{},"Open water swimming as a treatment for major depressive disorder",". BMJ case reports, 2018, bcr2018225007. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6112379\u002F",[15,536,537,538,541],{},"(3) Amaya, V., Paterson, M., & Phillips, C. (2020). ",[410,539,540],{},"Effects of Olfactory and Auditory Enrichment on the Behaviour of Shelter Dogs",". Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 10(4), 581. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7222336\u002F",[15,543,544,545,548],{},"(4) Scandurra, A., Mastellone, V., Pero, M. E., Musco, N., Iommelli, P., Di Lucrezia, A., Malgeri, A., Tudisco, R., D’Aniello, B., Cortese, L., & Lombardi, P. (2022). ",[410,546,547],{},"Effects of a Nutritional Supplement (DìRelaxTM) on Anxiety in Dogs in a Randomized Control Trial Design",". Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 12(4), 435. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8868118\u002F",[15,550,551,552,555],{},"(5) Kim, Y. M., Lee, J. K., Abd el-aty, A. M., Hwang, S. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. M. (2010). ",[410,553,554],{},"Efficacy of dog-appeasing pheromone (DAP) for ameliorating separation-related behavioral signs in hospitalized dogs",". The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 51(4), 380–384. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC2839826\u002F",[15,557,558,559,562],{},"(6) Anzola et al, ",[410,560,561],{},"The use of tryptophan in shelter dogs to treat stress-related anxiety disorders",", Revista Cientifica, Veterinaria, Vol. 23 No. 1 pp 26-32. irect.org\u002Fcabdirect\u002Fabstract\u002F20133125987",[15,564,565,566,569],{},"(7) Templeman, J. R., Davenport, G. M., Cant, J. P., Osborne, V. R., & Shoveller, A. K. (2018). ",[410,567,568],{},"The effect of graded concentrations of dietary tryptophan on canine behavior in response to the approach of a familiar or unfamiliar individual",". Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 82(4), 294–305. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6168022\u002F",[15,571,572,573,576],{},"(8) Gyles C. (2016). ",[410,574,575],{},"Marijuana for pets?",". The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 57(12), 1215–1218. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5109620\u002F",[15,578,579,580,583],{},"(9) Morris EM, Kitts-Morgan SE, Spangler DM, Gebert J, Vanzant ES, McLeod KR, Harmon DL. ",[410,581,582],{},"Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity",". Front Vet Sci. 2021 Apr 29;8:645667. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8118201\u002F",[15,585,586,587,590],{},"(10) Taylor, S., & Madden, J. (2016). ",[410,588,589],{},"The Effect of Pet Remedy on the Behaviour of the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris)",". Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 6(11), 64. i.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5126766\u002F",[15,592,593],{},[94,594,595],{},"This article is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge. It is not meant to substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, or formal and individualized advice from a veterinary medical professional. Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian 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