[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":959},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item:\u002Fpet-health\u002Fcat-sneeezing-cat-flu":3,"platform:site":388},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":11,"canonical":318,"category":319,"categorySlugs":327,"cid":328,"cover":329,"description":333,"extension":334,"featured":335,"language":336,"meta":337,"navigation":338,"noindex":335,"ogImage":339,"path":340,"publishedAt":341,"recipe":318,"related":342,"revisedAt":318,"seo":370,"seoDescription":333,"seoTitle":5,"sortKey":318,"sources":371,"stem":375,"tagSlugs":376,"tags":379,"translations":384,"type":385,"url":386,"__hash__":387},"platformItems\u002Fplatform\u002Fitems\u002F1705.md","What's Behind Your Cat's Constant Sneezing?",[7],{"name":8,"slug":9,"role":10},"Hayden Scott","hayden-scott","author",{"type":12,"value":13,"toc":297},"minimark",[14,19,23,26,34,40,43,47,50,75,82,87,91,94,117,121,124,127,131,134,139,154,158,173,176,180,183,190,194,197,202,207,211,222,225,228,232,235,238,241,245,248,252,255,259,262,276,279,282,286,289,292],[15,16,18],"h2",{"id":17},"recognizing-upper-respiratory-symptoms-in-felines","Recognizing Upper Respiratory Symptoms in Felines",[20,21,22],"p",{},"Occasional sneezing, watery eyes, a runny nose, or gagging are common occurrences in cats, and they may point to what is often called cat flu or other upper respiratory tract (URT) conditions. A number of diseases affecting the nose and eyes exist in cats, many of which are infectious and largely preventable through regular vaccination. This article is intended to help you sort out what might be causing your cat's symptoms and to offer guidance on handling long-term complications of cat flu.",[20,24,25],{},"Even a seemingly mild viral infection can leave your cat feeling quite weak. As with any illness, if your cat seems unwell, it's important to consult a veterinarian.",[20,27,28],{},[29,30],"img",{"alt":31,"height":32,"src":33,"width":32},"",1080,"\u002Fpics\u002Fe9e659bfb32545170af9.webp",[20,35,36],{},[37,38,39],"em",{},"Some causes of excessive sneezing can be treated or prevented, while others will require veterinary intervention.",[20,41,42],{},"Ihtar, CC, via Pixabay",[15,44,46],{"id":45},"common-signs-of-urt-disease","Common Signs of URT Disease",[20,48,49],{},"Depending on the specific cause, URT disease can produce a range of symptoms, including:",[51,52,53,57,60,63,66,69,72],"ul",{},[54,55,56],"li",{},"Sneezing",[54,58,59],{},"Conjunctivitis (sore eyes)",[54,61,62],{},"Corneal ulcers (erosions on the eye's surface)",[54,64,65],{},"Loss of appetite",[54,67,68],{},"Coughing",[54,70,71],{},"Retching or gagging",[54,73,74],{},"Discharge from nostrils and eyes",[20,76,77],{},[29,78],{"alt":31,"height":79,"src":80,"width":81},2133,"\u002Fpics\u002F627f4a5aa9dab582fbf1.webp",1600,[20,83,84],{},[37,85,86],{},"This is a patient with mild flu symptoms. Note the dried nasal discharge and inflamed eye.",[15,88,90],{"id":89},"what-leads-to-urt-disease","What Leads to URT Disease?",[20,92,93],{},"The underlying causes can be broadly categorized as:",[51,95,96,99,102,105,108,111,114],{},[54,97,98],{},"Viral",[54,100,101],{},"Bacterial",[54,103,104],{},"Fungal",[54,106,107],{},"Chronic rhinosinusitis",[54,109,110],{},"Nasopharyngeal polyps",[54,112,113],{},"Nasal tumors (fortunately uncommon in cats)",[54,115,116],{},"Foreign objects stuck in the nose or throat",[15,118,120],{"id":119},"factors-that-make-cats-more-prone-to-upper-respiratory-issues","Factors That Make Cats More Prone to Upper Respiratory Issues",[20,122,123],{},"When a cat shows severe symptoms or doesn't improve as expected with treatment, an underlying immune deficiency may be suspected. Stress is a well-known contributor to immune suppression, and cats living in multi-cat homes are more susceptible to upper respiratory disease—partly due to greater exposure to viruses and bacteria, and partly because of territorial tension that may exist quietly. Feliway can be quite helpful in households with multiple cats dealing with URT disease, as it helps calm and relax anxious felines.",[20,125,126],{},"Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) are two infections that primarily weaken the immune system. Testing for them is straightforward, needing only a few drops of blood, and your veterinarian should rule out these infections if your cat's symptoms are difficult to resolve. Follow the links above for more details.",[15,128,130],{"id":129},"viral-causes","Viral Causes",[20,132,133],{},"Two viruses are typically responsible for the classic 'cat flu' symptoms: Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Feline Herpesvirus (FHV). Often, it's possible to distinguish which virus is at play based on your cat's signs.",[135,136,138],"h3",{"id":137},"fcv-infection","FCV Infection",[51,140,141,143,146,149],{},[54,142,56],{},[54,144,145],{},"Reduced appetite",[54,147,148],{},"Fever (often above 104°F)",[54,150,151],{},[37,152,153],{},"Ulcers on the tongue and cheeks",[135,155,157],{"id":156},"fhv-infection","FHV Infection",[51,159,160,162,164,167],{},[54,161,56],{},[54,163,145],{},[54,165,166],{},"Mild fever (usually around 103°F)",[54,168,169,172],{},[37,170,171],{},"Eye discharge,"," with or without corneal ulcers",[20,174,175],{},"Both viruses can lead to long-term issues. FCV is believed to contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions of the gums and mouth, which can be very painful and challenging to treat, sometimes necessitating extraction of all teeth along with ongoing medication. FHV infection never fully clears from the body; while most cats appear to recover, they remain prone to repeated bouts when stressed or unwell.",[135,177,179],{"id":178},"treatment-approaches","Treatment Approaches",[20,181,182],{},"Viral infections are typically managed with anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce fever and supportive care like fluids for as long as needed. Most otherwise healthy cats recover from the initial infection within a week. Several antiviral drugs have been tried for these infections, but the evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. For cats with recurring FHV or long-term nasal or eye problems due to the infection, lysine supplementation (250-500mg daily) may help ease symptoms.",[20,184,185,186,189],{},"Anti-herpes medications such as ",[37,187,188],{},"famciclovir"," can be very effective for treating acute disease or flare-ups and are available through your veterinary clinic or by prescription from a pharmacy.",[15,191,193],{"id":192},"bacterial-infections","Bacterial Infections",[20,195,196],{},"Bacteria seldom cause URT issues by themselves, but they frequently complicate viral infections. A simple viral infection with either virus will produce clear or mucous discharge from the nose or eyes. A yellow or creamy tint to the discharge points to a secondary bacterial infection. Otherwise, symptoms resemble those described above—sneezing and possibly eye discharge—but your cat is likely to feel worse and will need antibiotics in addition to anti-inflammatories and supportive care.",[20,198,199],{},[29,200],{"alt":31,"height":79,"src":201,"width":81},"\u002Fpics\u002Fa76c8bbc07118374fa38.webp",[20,203,204],{},[37,205,206],{},"This is a cat recovering from a Cryptococcus infection with permanent deformity of nose.",[15,208,210],{"id":209},"fungal-infections","Fungal Infections",[20,212,213,214,217,218,221],{},"Fungal infection of the URT is fortunately less common than viral or bacterial infections. Two fungal species are typically involved: ",[37,215,216],{},"Cryptococcus neoformans"," and ",[37,219,220],{},"Aspergillus",". Both can cause severe damage to the respiratory tract and may affect other organs, including the central nervous system and lymph nodes.",[20,223,224],{},"Symptoms of fungal infection tend to be more severe: nasal discharge is often bloody, there may be facial deformity and pain over the bridge of the nose, and ulceration of the skin on the nose is common.",[20,226,227],{},"Treatment for these infections requires a prolonged course (several months), but the outlook for recovery is generally good.",[15,229,231],{"id":230},"chronic-rhinosinusitis","Chronic Rhinosinusitis",[20,233,234],{},"This condition, as its name implies, is responsible for chronic or long-term signs of URT disease or cat flu. Cats with this condition often have a history of nasal discharge and sneezing over many years. The discharge is usually watery, similar to what is seen with viral infections, but secondary bacterial infections are common, requiring occasional antibiotic treatment.",[20,236,237],{},"Diagnosis is made by excluding all other causes of sneezing. The exact cause of chronic rhinosinusitis is unknown, but various theories suggest that previous viral infections and stress may contribute.",[20,239,240],{},"The condition cannot be cured, but it is possible to enhance the cat's quality of life and lessen symptom severity. Finding a successful treatment plan often involves considerable trial and error, as what helps one cat may not help another. Initial treatment usually involves a prolonged course of antibiotics to clear established bacterial infections.",[135,242,244],{"id":243},"steroids-and-other-medications-for-better-quality-of-life","Steroids and Other Medications for Better Quality of Life",[20,246,247],{},"Glucocorticoid drugs like prednisolone may be prescribed by your veterinarian. Alternatively, steroid inhalers can be given using the AeroKat or similar devices. Antihistamine treatment (chlorpheniramine 1mg twice daily) is sometimes beneficial. It's important to reduce stress for the cat by avoiding overcrowding and competition for food, water, and litter trays. Feliway, a synthetic cat pheromone, is also very helpful for this purpose.",[135,249,251],{"id":250},"nasal-and-sinus-congestion","Nasal and Sinus Congestion",[20,253,254],{},"Nasal and sinus congestion is a major issue, as anyone with chronic sinus problems knows. An easy way to provide steam vapor to loosen thick mucus is to place your cat in the bathroom while you run a shower or bath, but this needs to be done several times daily if symptoms are severe. Saline drops applied to the nostrils four times daily can also help. Lysine supplementation is recommended (250-500mg per day).",[15,256,258],{"id":257},"nasopharyngeal-polyps","Nasopharyngeal Polyps",[20,260,261],{},"Benign growths, usually found in young cats, develop in the throat and can extend into the inner ear via the Eustachian tube. They are thought to be a complication of previous viral infection. Symptoms of polyps are not typical of cat flu and include:",[51,263,264,267,270,273],{},[54,265,266],{},"Retching",[54,268,269],{},"Gagging",[54,271,272],{},"Snoring",[54,274,275],{},"Signs of inner ear disease (head tilt, third eyelid protruding in one eye)",[20,277,278],{},"Cats with polyps may sometimes have a bacterial infection, and yellow nasal discharge may be seen. Most nasopharyngeal polyps can be removed by traction (pulling) from the throat, followed by a course of steroids.",[20,280,281],{},"Other more aggressive growths (cancers) are uncommon in cats, and signs vary widely depending on location: sneezing, gagging, bloody nasal discharge, facial deformity, and weight loss.",[15,283,285],{"id":284},"nasal-foreign-bodies","Nasal Foreign Bodies",[20,287,288],{},"Often, cats show symptoms resembling cat flu or nasopharyngeal polyps, but the actual cause is material lodged in the throat or nose. Cats that like to nibble on grass are at particular risk. Grass blades frequently get stuck in the throat, then curl over the soft palate and lodge at the back of the nasal cavity.",[20,290,291],{},"Your cat will have a history of sudden sneezing or reverse sneezing (see the video below). If the problem persists, a bacterial-type nasal discharge may develop. Many cats manage to clear the foreign body on their own within an hour or two, but if not, they will need anesthesia to flush the material from the nasal chambers.",[20,293,294],{},[37,295,296],{},"This article is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge. It is not meant to substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, or formal and individualized advice from a veterinary medical professional. Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.",{"title":31,"searchDepth":298,"depth":298,"links":299},2,[300,301,302,303,304,310,311,312,316,317],{"id":17,"depth":298,"text":18},{"id":45,"depth":298,"text":46},{"id":89,"depth":298,"text":90},{"id":119,"depth":298,"text":120},{"id":129,"depth":298,"text":130,"children":305},[306,308,309],{"id":137,"depth":307,"text":138},3,{"id":156,"depth":307,"text":157},{"id":178,"depth":307,"text":179},{"id":192,"depth":298,"text":193},{"id":209,"depth":298,"text":210},{"id":230,"depth":298,"text":231,"children":313},[314,315],{"id":243,"depth":307,"text":244},{"id":250,"depth":307,"text":251},{"id":257,"depth":298,"text":258},{"id":284,"depth":298,"text":285},null,{"slug":320,"name":321,"path":322},"pet-health","Health",[323,326],{"slug":324,"name":325},"animals","Animals",{"slug":320,"name":321},[324,320],1705,{"src":330,"srcset":331,"width":332,"height":332,"alt":5},"\u002Fpics\u002Fc6aebcbde04e75b290e1.webp","\u002Fpics\u002Fb9f1bb1532f5b861f2d1.webp 400w, \u002Fpics\u002Fe0096527ab0016ac9455.webp 800w, \u002Fpics\u002Fc6aebcbde04e75b290e1.webp 1200w",1200,"Upper respiratory issues in cats—ranging from viral and bacterial infections to polyps and foreign objects—often manifest as sneezing, eye discharge, and nasal congestion. 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