[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":990},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item:\u002Fbehavior-training\u002Fhow-to-help-a-dog-recover-from-a-dog-attack":3,"platform:site":420},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":11,"canonical":350,"category":351,"categorySlugs":359,"cid":360,"cover":361,"description":365,"extension":366,"featured":367,"language":368,"meta":369,"navigation":370,"noindex":367,"ogImage":371,"path":372,"publishedAt":373,"recipe":350,"related":374,"revisedAt":350,"seo":400,"seoDescription":365,"seoTitle":5,"sortKey":350,"sources":401,"stem":405,"tagSlugs":406,"tags":410,"translations":416,"type":417,"url":418,"__hash__":419},"platformItems\u002Fplatform\u002Fitems\u002F2494.md","Supporting Your Canine Companion's Emotional Healing Following an Attack by Another Dog",[7],{"name":8,"slug":9,"role":10},"Avery Wilson","avery-wilson","author",{"type":12,"value":13,"toc":326},"minimark",[14,19,23,26,31,34,37,40,44,47,50,54,80,89,95,99,102,106,109,112,115,119,122,125,128,131,138,143,152,155,158,161,164,167,174,177,180,183,190,195,201,204,207,210,214,217,220,223,226,230,233,236,239,242,248,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,278,281,285,300,305,309,315,321],[15,16,18],"h2",{"id":17},"understanding-shock-in-a-dog-after-an-attack","Understanding Shock in a Dog After an Attack",[20,21,22],"p",{},"Your dog has just been set upon by another dog. Perhaps you have already visited the veterinarian and had the abrasions and bite wounds cleaned and dressed, yet the psychological toll remains unaddressed. When a dog is left in a state of shock following such an incident, knowing the right steps to assist their recovery becomes crucial. Even when no obvious physical or emotional wounds are apparent, taking measures to safeguard your dog's emotional health is still worthwhile.",[20,24,25],{},"It would be ideal if dogs always coexisted peacefully and played without conflict. The reality, however, is that altercations occur, and they can occur rather often. Most of the time these are merely noisy disputes in which no dog sustains injury, yet such episodes can still be quite disturbing.",[27,28,30],"h3",{"id":29},"why-dog-parks-are-a-common-setting-for-trouble","Why Dog Parks Are a Common Setting for Trouble",[20,32,33],{},"Conflicts frequently arise at dog parks because of a combination of circumstances: supervision is often lacking, deteriorating interactions are not interrupted quickly enough, telling apart dogs who are playing from dogs who are fighting is difficult, and the simple fact that many dogs with differing play styles and temperaments are thrown together.",[20,35,36],{},"Certain dogs lack adequate social abilities. Some approach other dogs too forcefully, while others are not entirely at ease around dogs and may react with a snap. Some dogs have shortcomings in how they play. These dogs make little use of metacommunication, so their play can be misread and escalate into a fight.",[20,38,39],{},"There are also dogs who engage in \"bullying\"—perhaps repeatedly mounting others (a study found that excessive mounting resulted in aggression 85 percent of the time), pressuring unwilling dogs into play, or acting as the \"fun police\" by trying to stop two dogs who are playing boisterously. Then there are dogs who guard resources and dogs who are simply prone to fighting.",[27,41,43],{"id":42},"the-role-of-social-maturity","The Role of Social Maturity",[20,45,46],{},"Many dogs do well at the dog park throughout their puppy months, but once they reach social maturity—typically somewhere between 12 and 36 months of age—the situation begins to shift. Whatever the reason for and manner of the fight's eruption, one thing is certain: a traumatic event can leave a dog in shock after being attacked, and this can reverse years of behavioral training and confidence building.",[20,48,49],{},"Research indicates that visiting the dog park raised levels of the stress hormone cortisol in most dogs (Carrier et al., 2014). Notably, dogs who displayed a hunched posture at the dog park were more likely to show elevated cortisol.",[27,51,53],{"id":52},"what-this-article-covers","What This Article Covers",[55,56,57,61,77],"ul",{},[58,59,60],"li",{},"How Dogs Behave After an Attack",[58,62,63,64,67,68,70,71,73,74,76],{},"Approaches to Helping a Dog Recover From a Dog Attack",[65,66],"br",{},"○ Serve as Your Dog's Ambassador",[65,69],{},"○ Involve a Professional Observer",[65,72],{},"○ Restrict Contact to a Few Compatible Dogs",[65,75],{},"○ Build Positive Associations",[58,78,79],{},"What if the Attacking Dog Lives in the Same Home?",[20,81,82],{},[83,84],"img",{"alt":85,"height":86,"src":87,"width":88},"",788,"\u002Fpics\u002F2888e0c615ff75407aed.webp",940,[20,90,91],{},[92,93,94],"em",{},"If your dog has been attacked by another dog, this guide will offer some advice you can use to help him or her recover.",[27,96,98],{"id":97},"important-warning","Important Warning",[20,100,101],{},"If another dog has attacked your dog, have your veterinarian examine them. Even when only fairly small puncture wounds are visible on the skin, these may represent just a fraction of the damage. Beneath the skin there may be far more serious and extensive injury caused by the tearing and shearing of a dog's large canine teeth.",[15,103,105],{"id":104},"how-dogs-behave-after-being-attacked","How Dogs Behave After Being Attacked",[20,107,108],{},"An attack by another dog is an aversive event that can carry both short-term and long-term repercussions. Within seconds of the attack, the affected dog may tremble and startle easily as adrenaline surges. As the dog moves past this acute phase, a negative conditioned emotional response may begin to emerge, tied to the location where the incident happened and\u002For the presence of other dogs.",[20,110,111],{},"This does not happen to every dog without exception. Some dogs may find the attack frightening and unpleasant, yet they soon shake it off. Trouble arises when the attack becomes a life-altering event, and this can occur even in the most resilient dogs.",[20,113,114],{},"There are numerous accounts of even service dogs who had demonstrated themselves to be \"bomb-proof\" over the years—suffering the aftermath of an encounter gone wrong and paying an emotional price. It is as though an invisible switch flips inside their mind.",[27,116,118],{"id":117},"single-event-learning","Single-Event Learning",[20,120,121],{},"Science refers to this as \"single-event learning.\" Reversing the harm is often a rough and uneven process. In one service dog account, a 30-second attack turned into two years of rehabilitation. This negative experience can influence how the dog responds when other dogs are present. A prior injury is not required for this kind of aversive conditioning to occur.",[20,123,124],{},"I have observed reactions spanning from avoidance behaviors (the dog no longer wants to play or interact with other dogs, or does so very hesitantly) to defensive behaviors (the dog feels threatened and adopts an \"offense is the best defense\" approach to keep distance).",[20,126,127],{},"There are also numerous dogs somewhere in the middle, where you don't immediately notice many problems, but at some future point in the dog's history of playing or interacting with other dogs, a new issue surfaces unexpectedly (for instance, the dog begins growling during an interaction) in a dog who had never shown this type of problem before.",[20,129,130],{},"In any event, the emergence of a negative conditioned emotional response must be addressed to keep the problem from taking hold and worsening. This calls for several measures to protect the dog's emotional well-being and to address any issues the dog may have developed as a result of the negative experience.",[20,132,133],{},[83,134],{"alt":85,"height":135,"src":136,"width":137},503,"\u002Fpics\u002Fdf153ddda0ac800a8635.webp",535,[20,139,140],{},[92,141,142],{},"Dogs are always on alert and can have aggressive reactions to other dogs.",[144,145,146,149],"blockquote",{},[20,147,148],{},"Fears and phobias can develop from a single experience (one event learning) or from continued exposure to the fearful stimulus.",[20,150,151],{},"— Debra Horwitz and Gary Landsberg",[15,153,63],{"id":154},"approaches-to-helping-a-dog-recover-from-a-dog-attack",[20,156,157],{},"When your dog is in shock after a dog attack, it is very important that you take several measures to shield your dog from any future negative encounters and that you help your dog eventually recover through some remedial socialization using the right types of dogs.",[20,159,160],{},"Without treatment, affected dogs may wind up reacting negatively to any dogs who remind them of the attacker (same coat color, same size, same breed), and this may even extend to other dogs more broadly.",[20,162,163],{},"A dog trainer or behavior professional who uses humane, positive-based behavior modification methods may be needed to evaluate the attacked dog and assist them. This is very important. The last thing a stressed dog needs is punishment-based corrections at the sight of other dogs, which will only strengthen the dog's negative association with them.",[20,165,166],{},"Below are several approaches to helping a dog recover from a dog attack. How quickly the dog recovers varies between individual dogs, along with other factors such as the level of owner commitment, how severely the dog was affected, whether professional assistance is sought, and how well the dog's environment can be managed to prevent any future negative encounters.",[27,168,170],{"id":169},"serve-as-your-dogs-ambassador",[171,172,173],"strong",{},"Serve as Your Dog's Ambassador",[20,175,176],{},"If another dog has attacked your dog, it's important that you shield your dog from any future negative encounters that may add further stress. Bear in mind that stress levels may take several days to decline, so protect your dog from certain close encounters until your dog is ready.",[20,178,179],{},"Preventing off-leash dog encounters and telling dog owners to keep their dogs under control is fundamental. While this safe \"buffer of space\" is not the treatment for undoing emotional damage, it's a good starting point so that your dog relaxes and trusts you to handle the issue.",[20,181,182],{},"If your dog frequents the dog park, don't let them interact with dogs that stir up trouble, or even better, skip the dog park altogether. There are better options to allow your dog to socialize when they're ready again without being at the mercy of out-of-control dogs with little social skills.",[20,184,185],{},[83,186],{"alt":85,"height":187,"src":188,"width":189},480,"\u002Fpics\u002F1495886b6dc04cac2a37.webp",612,[20,191,192],{},[92,193,194],{},"Even dogs on leash can get into fights with other dogs.",[27,196,198],{"id":197},"restrict-contact-to-a-few-compatible-dogs",[171,199,200],{},"Restrict Contact to a Few Compatible Dogs",[20,202,203],{},"If your dog had a negative experience, you will likely have to engage your dog in a remedial socialization program. To undo the damage done, your dog will need to be exposed to dogs that have been carefully screened. Your dog trainer\u002Fbehavior professional may even be able to provide the right friendly dog(s) for remedial socialization.",[20,205,206],{},"Skip the dog park where there are dogs your dog doesn't know well, and often, there are dogs who really aren't suitable for group play.",[20,208,209],{},"Instead, it would be best to stick to a handful of good doggy friends who have proven over the years to have gotten along well with your dog. As it happens in people, best a few good buddies than many friends who aren't best friends but just superficial acquaintances that haven't proved worthy of trust.",[27,211,213],{"id":212},"involve-a-professional-observer","Involve a Professional Observer",[20,215,216],{},"If you need help for a dog in shock after being attacked, your best bet is to have a professional assess your dog and monitor his future interactions with other dogs. Not every dog is ready to interact with other dogs and play again after being attacked. The behavior consultant should be able to assess your dog for signs of tension.",[20,218,219],{},"If the assessment reveals that your dog is tense around other dogs, then prior to scheduling positive interactions such as play and walks with other dogs, behavior modification may be carried out to better manage and protect your dog's emotional well-being.",[20,221,222],{},"The professional may have to pave the path for some groundwork first using methods based on the scientific principles of desensitization and counterconditioning. For example, if the attack occurred at the dog park, it may help to sit with your dog at a safe distance where he is under threshold, praise him lavishly, and give your dog treats as he looks at dogs entering and exiting the park.",[20,224,225],{},"If the attack was on a walk, it may help to praise and give treats every time your dog sees another dog crossing his path. After some time, as your dog seems more relaxed, your dog may be able to progress to closer encounters with other dogs.",[27,227,229],{"id":228},"build-positive-associations","Build Positive Associations",[20,231,232],{},"For the sake of comparison, the process is similar to attending a Toastmasters' meeting for those folks with a terror of public speaking. In these meetings, people are encouraged to speak in a safe, supportive environment where they don't feel rejected or ridiculed.",[20,234,235],{},"Dogs suitable for such encounters are often super socialized dogs, dogs who have met countless dogs and who know how to interact properly. Ideally, these are dogs who are very adept at reading other dogs and delivering the right body language. These \"teacher dogs\" should be masters in sending calming signals to fearful, tentative dogs.",[20,237,238],{},"Your dog needs to feel safe and relaxed to create good memories. Creating several positive emotional responses is important to replace the negative ones. Always end the sessions on a positive note, praising your dog lavishly so that these new events help at least partially take the edge off the fearful memories.",[20,240,241],{},"Slow and steady wins the race in behavior modification, so it's important to work at the dog's pace.",[20,243,244],{},[83,245],{"alt":85,"height":187,"src":246,"width":247},"\u002Fpics\u002Fc69f9410be26ae50b73a.webp",561,[20,249,250],{},[92,251,252],{},"Dogs living in the same house that get into a fight present an additional layer of complexity to the recovery process.",[15,254,79],{"id":255},"what-if-the-attacking-dog-lives-in-the-same-home",[20,257,258],{},"Things can get problematic if the attacking dog shares the same household. Dogs attacked in the home may develop chronic fear, which may affect their daily emotional well-being in the long run.",[20,260,261],{},"The dog attacking will need to be prevented from rehearsing the problem behavior. The more the dog practices the attacking behavior, the more this behavior establishes and becomes more difficult to eradicate.",[20,263,264],{},"The most important step is always making sure everybody stays safe. Dogs should be kept apart (use baby gates, crates, etc., to create a degree of separation) until a behavior professional can assess the situation and help implement behavior modification.",[20,266,267],{},"Behavior modification in such cases entails rehabilitating the dog being attacked and working on preventing the attacking dog from attacking. A functional analysis plays a key role in determining the exact antecedents triggering the attacking behavior and the consequences of maintaining the behavior.",[20,269,270],{},"Afterward, behavior modification, again using desensitization and counterconditioning under the direct guidance of a behavior professional, can help change the negative emotional response of the dog being attacked while also tackling the underlying emotional issues triggering the attacking dog to attack in the first place.",[20,272,273],{},"Severe cases may require permanent housing arrangements to grant separation or even re-homing one dog. The unpredictable behavior of the attacking dog may lead to chronic stress, which can affect the dog's emotional and physical well-being.",[27,275,277],{"id":276},"note","Note",[20,279,280],{},"Behavior modification comes with risks. If your dog is showing behavior problems or aggression or is the victim of aggression, consult with a behavior professional for hands-on help for safety and correct implementation of behavior modification.",[15,282,284],{"id":283},"references","References",[55,286,287,290,293],{},[58,288,289],{},"DVM360: Manage bite wounds: not just skin deep",[58,291,292],{},"VCA Animal Hospitals: Fear of Noises and Places in Dogs",[58,294,295,296,299],{},"Description of the behaviour of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) by experienced and inexperienced people Applied Animal Behaviour Science 120(3):159-169 · September 2009 ",[92,297,298],{},"with"," 304 ReadsDOI: 10.1016\u002Fj.applanim.2009.06.009",[20,301,302],{},[92,303,304],{},"This article is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge. It is not meant to substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, or formal and individualized advice from a veterinary medical professional. Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.",[15,306,308],{"id":307},"questions-answers","Questions & Answers",[20,310,311,314],{},[171,312,313],{},"Question:"," My dog who we rescued 2 weeks ago who is a pit mix was in a fight tonight with the neighbor dog. I'm not sure who started it because nobody was looking. Both dogs were injured and bleeding. I'm worried about him having PTSD and biting one of my kids if they hang on him or do something he doesn't like. Is this possible? Should I return him before it's too late?",[20,316,317,320],{},[171,318,319],{},"Answer:"," Dogs are animals, and as animals, we can never really predict their behaviors. Does this mean he will attack your kids because of the trauma of the fight? Not necessarily, but can we can ascertain this? No, because we never know how dogs may react. For safety, your kids should never be around your dog unsupervised, and they should never be allowed to \"do things a dog might not like\", regardless of whether there was a recent attack or not, regardless of breed, regardless of how long the dog has been owned, regardless of size. I am sorry but unfortunately I cannot predict how your recently rescued dog will react, every dog is an individual and responds differently to stress.",[20,322,323],{},[171,324,325],{},"© 2018 Adrienne Farricelli CPDT-KA, Dip.CBST",{"title":85,"searchDepth":327,"depth":327,"links":328},2,[329,336,339,345,348,349],{"id":17,"depth":327,"text":18,"children":330},[331,333,334,335],{"id":29,"depth":332,"text":30},3,{"id":42,"depth":332,"text":43},{"id":52,"depth":332,"text":53},{"id":97,"depth":332,"text":98},{"id":104,"depth":327,"text":105,"children":337},[338],{"id":117,"depth":332,"text":118},{"id":154,"depth":327,"text":63,"children":340},[341,342,343,344],{"id":169,"depth":332,"text":173},{"id":197,"depth":332,"text":200},{"id":212,"depth":332,"text":213},{"id":228,"depth":332,"text":229},{"id":255,"depth":327,"text":79,"children":346},[347],{"id":276,"depth":332,"text":277},{"id":283,"depth":327,"text":284},{"id":307,"depth":327,"text":308},null,{"slug":352,"name":353,"path":354},"behavior-training","Behavior & 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